Types Of Laws in India
Constitutional and administrative law
Main article: Indian constitutional lawThe Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, is the longest written constitution in the world. [15] Although its administrative provisions are largely based on the Government of India Act 1935, it also includes several other provisions which were taken from other constitutions of the world at the time of its creation. [15] It provides details of the administration of both the Union and the States, and codifies the relationship between the federal government and state governments. [16] Included in the text is a chapter on the fundamental rights of citizens, as well as a chapter on the direct principles of state policy. [1 are]
The constitution sets out a federal structure of government, with a clearly defined separation of legislative and executive powers between the federation and the states. Each state government is at liberty to draft its own laws on subjects classified as subjects of the state. [19] Laws passed by the Parliament of India and other pre-existing central laws on subjects classified as central subjects are binding on all citizens. However, the constitution also has some unitary features, such as only the vested power of amendment in the federal government, [20] absence of dual citizenship, [21] and the rights acquired by the federal government in times of emergency. [22]]
Criminal law
Main article: Indian criminal law
The Indian Penal Code, formulated by the British during the British Raj in 1860, is the backbone of criminal law in India. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 governs the procedural aspects of criminal law. [23]
Jury trials were abolished by the government in 1960, being susceptible to media and public influence. This decision. M. Kavas in Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra was based on the acquittal of Nanavati 8-1, which was overturned by the High Courts.
In February 2011, the Supreme Court of India ruled that criminal defendants have a constitutional right to counsel. [24]
Death penalty is legal in India. The final execution was carried out on February 28, 2017, when two women, Renuka Shinde and Seema Mohan Gavit, who were guilty of kidnapping and killing 13 children under the age of 6, were killed in the Yerawada Central Jail in the morning. She was also the first woman in India to be given the death penalty.
contract law
Main article: Indian Contract LawThe main contract law in India is codified in the Indian Contract Act, which came into force on 1 September 1872 and extended to the whole of India and the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It governs entry into the contract, and the effect of breach of contract. The Indian Contract Law is popularly known as the Business Law of India. Originally the Indian Goods Sale Act and the Partnership Act were part of the Indian Contract Act, but these Acts were separated from the Contract Act due to necessary amendments. The Contract Act is the main and most commonly used [citation needed] act of legal agreements in India.
Labor law
Main article: Indian Labor LawIndian labor laws are the most comprehensive in the world. He has been criticized by the World Bank, [25] [24] mainly on the basis of influxability, resulting in the government being required to approve the dismissal. In practice, there is a large informal sector of the workforce, between 80 or 90 percent of the labor force, for whom labor rights are not really available and the laws do not apply.
Company law
Main article: Indian Company LawThe current Indian Company Law was updated and re-enacted in the Companies Act 2013.
TORT law
Main article: Indian torture lawThe development of constitutional torture law in India began in the early 1980s. [2 tort] This influenced the law of torture in India during the 1990s. [2 tort] In recognizing state liability, constitutional torture deviates from the norms established in law. [2,] This includes custodial deaths, police atrocities, encounter killings, illegal detention and disappearance. The Law Commission of India's first report was concerned with the state's liability in tort. This report was submitted by the Law Commission of India on 11 May 1956. Under Article 300 of the Indian Constitution, the state is subjected to torture.
Property law
Main article: Indian Property LawMore information: Transfer of Property Act 1882
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